Publication: Суспільно-історичні передумови та розвиток спортивного фехтування на Миколаївщині
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Authors
Марцінковський, І. Б.
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Вид-во УДУ імені Михайла Драгоманова
Abstract
Встановлено, що автохтонне населення на території України з прадавніх часів виготовляло металеву клинкову зброю, вдосконалювало свій досвід вправно її застосовувати, а у протистоянні з сусідніми народами переймало їхні досягнення у зброярстві та майстерності володіння зброєю. Розвиток фехтування на Миколаївщині, хоч і має свої територіальні особливості, але загалом співпадає із загальноісторичними процесами. З втратою актуальності, бойове фехтування переросло у ХІХ ст. у спортивне, яке розвивалося як дисципліна у військових та цивільних навчальних закладах, спортивних товариствах, у тому числі й на Миколаївщині. За Української Держави для провінційних навчальних закладів вперше в Україні організували курси з підготовки фахівців з фізичного виховання, де фехтування викладалося тогочасними провідними фахівцями. Натепер Миколаївщина відноситься до провідних областей з розвитку фехтування в Україні, а її спортсмени досягли значних успіхів на Олімпійських іграх, Чемпіонатах світу, Європи та Всеукраїнських змаганнях під керівництвом висококваліфікованих тренерів у спеціалізованих навчальних закладах, які об'єднані ГО "Федерація фехтування Миколаєва".
Bladed weapons were available to the population of Ukraine from the 5th to the 3rd millennium BC. The Cimmerians (9th–7th centuries BC), the Scythians (7th–3rd centuries BC), and the Sarmatians (3rd–2nd centuries BC) came to the Black Sea lands armed with iron swords. The ancient Greek colonization of the coast connected the territory of Ukraine with ancient civilization. In Olbia (5th century BC – first half of the 3rd century AD), attention was paid to physical training and the possession of edged weapons. In the 4th-7th centuries, the anti carried out military campaigns against neighboring states. The great migration of peoples was accompanied by skirmishes, which improved weapons and the art of their possession. In Russia (9th-13th centuries), warriors used swords and sabers of steppe people, children of princely families and warriors were trained from adolescence. From the 15th century, the Zaporizhian Sich was formed on the border steppe. The Cossacks used mainly sabers, there was a system of training newcomers. The saber was of great importance in the development of Cossack-knightly martial arts. During the Russian Empire, fencing was taught in Nikolaev from 1790 at the midshipmen's school, and from 1887 - in sports societies. In 1917–1921, fencing was taught in educational institutions and sports associations in Ukraine, manuals were distributed, competitions were held, and specialist training courses were organized. In the 19th century, combat fencing developed into a sports one. The development of fencing in the Mykolaiv region has its own territorial characteristics, but coincides with general historical processes. Athletes-fencing athletes from the Mykolaiv region achieved success at the Olympic Games, world championships, European and all-Ukrainian competitions under the guidance of highly qualified coaches in specialized educational institutions united by the "Mykolaiv Fencing Federation".
Bladed weapons were available to the population of Ukraine from the 5th to the 3rd millennium BC. The Cimmerians (9th–7th centuries BC), the Scythians (7th–3rd centuries BC), and the Sarmatians (3rd–2nd centuries BC) came to the Black Sea lands armed with iron swords. The ancient Greek colonization of the coast connected the territory of Ukraine with ancient civilization. In Olbia (5th century BC – first half of the 3rd century AD), attention was paid to physical training and the possession of edged weapons. In the 4th-7th centuries, the anti carried out military campaigns against neighboring states. The great migration of peoples was accompanied by skirmishes, which improved weapons and the art of their possession. In Russia (9th-13th centuries), warriors used swords and sabers of steppe people, children of princely families and warriors were trained from adolescence. From the 15th century, the Zaporizhian Sich was formed on the border steppe. The Cossacks used mainly sabers, there was a system of training newcomers. The saber was of great importance in the development of Cossack-knightly martial arts. During the Russian Empire, fencing was taught in Nikolaev from 1790 at the midshipmen's school, and from 1887 - in sports societies. In 1917–1921, fencing was taught in educational institutions and sports associations in Ukraine, manuals were distributed, competitions were held, and specialist training courses were organized. In the 19th century, combat fencing developed into a sports one. The development of fencing in the Mykolaiv region has its own territorial characteristics, but coincides with general historical processes. Athletes-fencing athletes from the Mykolaiv region achieved success at the Olympic Games, world championships, European and all-Ukrainian competitions under the guidance of highly qualified coaches in specialized educational institutions united by the "Mykolaiv Fencing Federation".
Description
Keywords
фехтування, історія, Миколаївщина, fencing, history, Mykolaiv Region
Citation
Марцінковський, І. Б. Суспільно-історичні передумови та розвиток спортивного фехтування на Миколаївщині / І. Б. Марцінковський // Науковий часопис Українського державного університету імені Михайла Драгоманова. Серія 15 : Науково-педагогічні проблеми фізичної культури (фізична культура і спорт) : зб. наукових праць / За ред. О. В. Тимошенка. – Київ : Вид-во УДУ імені Михайла Драгоманова, 2025. – Вип. 11 (198). – С. 128-133.
